Introduction:
Preparing for the Geography section of the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) exam can be a difficult task, but with the right resources and practice, success is within reach. In this blog post, we’ll provide you with a set of frequently repeated past questions to help you sharpen your skills and boost your confidence for the big day.
Here are some multiple choice questions on geography along with answers and explanations:
Which of the following best describes the process of erosion?
a) The movement of weathered material
b) The deposition of sediments
c) The formation of metamorphic rocks
d) The cooling of magma
Answer: a) The movement of weathered material
Explanation: Erosion refers to the process by which weathered material, such as soil and rock fragments, is transported from one place to another by natural agents like water, wind, or ice.
The Earth’s equator divides it into how many hemispheres?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: a) Two
Explanation: The equator divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary?
a) Convergent boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Parallel boundary
d) Transform boundary
Answer: c) Parallel boundary
Explanation: Plate boundaries are the edges where tectonic plates meet and interact. The three main types are convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.
Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Hydroelectric energy
Answer: c) Coal
Explanation: Coal is a non-renewable source of energy because it is formed from the remains of plants and animals over millions of years and cannot be replenished within a human lifespan.
What is the largest ocean on Earth?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Pacific Ocean
d) Arctic Ocean
Answer: c) Pacific Ocean
Explanation: The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more area than all the continents combined.
Which of the following is a landform created by glacial erosion?
a) Canyon
b) Volcano
c) Moraine
d) Fjord
Answer: d) Fjord
Explanation: A fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep cliffs or slopes created by glacial erosion during the Ice Age.
What is the term for the process by which water vapor changes into liquid water?
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Precipitation
d) Sublimation
Answer: a) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and changes into liquid water, forming clouds or dew.
Which of the following is a major factor influencing climate?
a) Latitude
b) Altitude
c) Longitude
d) Wind direction
Answer: a) Latitude
Explanation: Latitude, or the distance from the equator, is a major factor influencing climate because it determines the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, affecting temperature and weather patterns.
What is the term for the shifting of Earth’s tectonic plates resulting in earthquakes?
a) Seismology
b) Volcanism
c) Plate tectonics
d) Faulting
Answer: c) Plate tectonics
Explanation: Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several large plates that move and interact with each other, resulting in phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.
What is the primary cause of desertification?
a) Deforestation
b) Urbanization
c) Climate change
d) Soil erosion
Answer: d) Soil erosion
Explanation: Desertification is primarily caused by soil erosion, which can result from overgrazing, deforestation, and improper agricultural practices, leading to the degradation of land into desert-like conditions.
Which of the following rivers is the longest in the world?
a) Nile River
b) Amazon River
c) Yangtze River
d) Mississippi River
Answer: a) Nile River
Explanation: The Nile River is widely considered the longest river in the world, with a length of approximately 6,650 kilometers (4,130 miles).
What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped depression typically formed by the collapse of a volcano?
a) Canyon
b) Crater
c) Abyss
d) Caldera
Answer: d) Caldera
Explanation: A caldera is a large, bowl-shaped depression that forms when the magma chamber of a volcano empties during an eruption, causing the summit to collapse inward.
Which of the following is not a type of rock?
a) Igneous
b) Metamorphic
c) Sedimentary
d) Subterranean
Answer: d) Subterranean
Explanation: Subterranean refers to something existing, occurring, or done underground, while igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary are all types of rocks based on their formation processes.
What is the process by which water returns to the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface?
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Precipitation
d) Transpiration
Answer: b) Evaporation
Explanation: Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor) and returns to the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Which of the following is not a type of map projection?
a) Mercator
b) Robinson
c) Cartesian
d) Peters
Answer: c) Cartesian
Explanation: Cartesian is not a type of map projection. Mercator, Robinson, and Peters are all examples of map projections used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map.
The term “El Niño” refers to:
a) A type of volcanic eruption
b) A warm ocean current in the Pacific Ocean
c) A periodic climate phenomenon characterized by warm ocean temperatures in the eastern Pacific
d) A geological fault line in the Pacific Ring of Fire
Answer: c) A periodic climate phenomenon characterized by warm ocean temperatures in the eastern Pacific
Explanation: El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Solar energy
d) Petroleum
Answer: c) Solar energy
Explanation: Solar energy is a renewable resource derived from the sun’s radiation, which can be harnessed using solar panels to generate electricity.
The Amazon Rainforest is primarily located in which continent?
a) South America
b) Africa
c) Asia
d) Australia
Answer: a) South America
Explanation: The Amazon Rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” is primarily located in South America, spanning across several countries including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and others.
The process of soil being carried away by wind or water is known as:
a) Erosion
b) Deposition
c) Weathering
d) Sedimentation
Answer: a) Erosion
Explanation: Erosion is the process by which soil and rock particles are loosened and carried away by natural agents such as wind, water, or ice.
The highest mountain peak in the world is:
a) Mount Everest
b) K2
c) Kangchenjunga
d) Lhotse
Answer: a) Mount Everest
Explanation: Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and China, is the highest mountain peak in the world, standing at 8,848 meters (29,029 feet) above sea level.
The study of the Earth’s physical features, climate, and natural resources is known as:
a) Geology
b) Meteorology
c) Cartography
d) Geography
Answer: d) Geography
Explanation: Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical features, climate, and natural resources, as well as human populations, their cultures, and the interactions between them.
The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and forms clouds is known as:
a) Evaporation
b) Condensation
c) Precipitation
d) Sublimation
Answer: b) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and changes into liquid water, forming clouds, fog, or dew.
The term “tundra” refers to:
a) A type of tropical rainforest
b) A cold, treeless biome with low-growing vegetation
c) A desert characterized by sand dunes
d) A grassland with tall grasses and scattered trees
Answer: b) A cold, treeless biome with low-growing vegetation
Explanation: Tundra is a biome characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and low-growing vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs. It is found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the:
a) Pacific Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Atlantic Ocean
d) Southern Ocean
Answer: c) Atlantic Ocean
Explanation: The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of North America before crossing the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe.
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
a) Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary?
i) Convergent boundary
ii) Divergent boundary
iii) Transform boundary
iv) Continental boundary
b) The study of the Earth’s atmosphere and its phenomena is known as:
i) Meteorology
ii) Geology
iii) Oceanography
iv) Climatology
c) Which of the following is an example of a primary economic activity?
i) Manufacturing
ii) Agriculture
iii) Banking
iv) Retail
d) The highest mountain peak in Africa is:
i) Mount Everest
ii) Mount Kilimanjaro
iii) Mount McKinley
iv) Mount Fuji
2. Fill in the Blanks:
a) The capital city of Brazil is ____________.
b) The longest river in the world is the ____________.
c) The process of the Earth’s crust being forced upward to form mountains is called ____________.
d) The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the Earth’s surface is known as ____________.
3. True or False:
a) The Amazon Rainforest is located primarily in Africa. (False)
b) The Great Wall of China is the longest man-made structure on Earth. (True)
c) The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. (True)
d) Antarctica is the hottest continent on Earth. (False)
Conclusion:
These frequently repeated questions are just a glimpse of what you might encounter in the Geography section of the JAMB exam. Use them as a tool to assess your knowledge, identify areas for improvement, and refine your test-taking strategies. Remember to study diligently, stay focused, and approach the exam with confidence. Good luck!
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